Have you ever experienced a temporary bout of psychosis after using a substance? This is referred to as drug-induced psychosis, and it’s more common than you might think.
Substance use has been a common threat to Arizonans. An annual report from the Arizona Overdose Fatality Review Board reported an 18 percent increase in overdose deaths in Yavapai County between 2020 and 2022, following a 108 percent increase from 2017 to 2020. But overdose isn’t the only complication of substance use—permanent brain damage and psychosis are, too. And, it’s not just the “hard” substances like meth that can cause these issues. Even cannabis, which is legal for recreational use in AZ, can cause psychosis.
Wolf Creek Recovery does more than treat the symptoms of substance use; we teach people how to live again—to love their lives and get everything they need from within themselves. With staff who are also participating in recovery, opportunities to engage in fun activities like disc golf and pickleball, and the beautiful scenery of Prescott, AZ to wake up to every morning, recovery is closer than you think. All you need is the right support.
Let’s learn more about what drugs cause permanent psychosis and if there are treatment options available to reverse these debilitating symptoms.
What Is Drug-Induced Psychosis?
Drug-induced psychosis is a mental health condition characterized by a temporary episode of psychosis triggered by substance use. The condition can result from the use of various substances, including prescription medications, recreational substances, or even alcohol. The symptoms of drug-induced psychosis can include hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, disorganized thinking, and unusual behavior. Drug-induced psychosis can be a severe but often temporary condition. Prompt medical attention and appropriate treatment can lead to a full recovery, though ongoing support is often necessary to prevent the return to use.
Why Drug-Induced Psychosis Can Be Permanent
While drug-induced psychosis is usually a temporary condition, there are instances where it can be permanent. There are several reasons why this can happen. First, prolonged or heavy substance use can cause long-lasting or irreversible damage to the brain structures and neurotransmitter systems. For example, chronic methamphetamine use can result in permanent changes to brain function. Second, individuals who are predisposed to certain mental health conditions may have their symptoms triggered or worsened by substance use. The drug-induced episode can bring the disorder to the surface.
Another potential cause of permanent drug-induced psychosis is structural changes to the brain, such as atrophy in regions responsible for cognition, emotion, and perception. These changes can sometimes be irreversible. Lastly, some individuals may also have a genetic predisposition that makes them more vulnerable to permanent changes in brain function, leading to long-term psychiatric issues. While many cases of drug-induced psychosis are temporary and will resolve with appropriate treatment, there are times when psychosis can be permanent.
Cannabis and Psychosis
With the decriminalization of cannabis, many people now view this substance as being harmless. However, cannabis still carries many risks, including drug-induced psychosis. The psychoactive component of cannabis, THC, interacts with the brain’s endocannabinoid system, affecting neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin. High levels of the substance can disrupt normal brain function and lead to psychotic symptoms. Furthermore, some individuals may experience hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia when using cannabis.
Methamphetamines and Psychosis
Methamphetamine is a powerful stimulant that is well-known for causing drug-induced psychosis. This happens because the substance causes a massive release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter responsible for pleasure and reward. This surge can disrupt normal function and lead to psychotic symptoms. It can also damage dopamine receptors and other neural structures, contributing to ongoing mental health problems. Plus, people who use meth often experience acute psychotic episodes that involve delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations.
Hallucinogens and Psychosis
Hallucinogens, such as LSD and DMT, can induce profound alterations in perception, cognition, and emotion. While many users seek the visionary experiences these substances can offer, they also carry the risk of inducing psychotic episodes. Hallucinogens primarily affect serotonin receptors, leading to altered sensory perception and cognition. These symptoms can sometimes trigger psychotic episodes as well. By altering the communication between different brain regions, hallucinogens can disrupt normal processing, leading to psychosis.
Risk Factors for Permanent Psychosis
Long-lasting psychosis can result from various factors, especially when triggered by substance use or underlying mental health conditions. These risk factors include:
- Chronic and heavy use of substances
- Using multiple substances simultaneously (polysubstance use)
- Genetic predisposition, such as a family history of schizophrenia
- Pre-existing mental health conditions like bipolar disorder
- Using substances during adolescence when the brain is still developing
- Chronic stress and exposure to traumatic events
- Delayed treatment or inadequate care
Drug-Induced Schizophrenia
Drug-induced schizophrenia, also known as substance-induced psychotic disorder, can occur when substance use triggers symptoms resembling those of schizophrenia. These symptoms can persist even once the effects of the substance have worn off, leading to a chronic condition that mirrors schizophrenia. The symptoms of this condition are hallucinations, delusions, reduced emotional expression, social withdrawal, and lack of motivation.
The substances most commonly associated with drug-induced schizophrenia are cannabis, alcohol, stimulants, hallucinogens, and dissociatives. The condition is more likely to affect individuals who have a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia, have pre-existing mental health conditions, use substances in high doses, and started using substances in adolescence. Drug-induced schizophrenia can be treated using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), support groups, and ongoing monitoring.
Life With Drug-Induced Permanent Psychosis
Living with drug-induced psychosis can be challenging, but you can manage your symptoms with the right support, treatment, and lifestyle adjustments. People with permanent psychosis report that their biggest challenges are experiencing psychotic symptoms, cognitive impairments, and emotional and social issues. They tend to have difficulties with memory and focus, and they experience mood swings and social isolation due to fear of stigma and misunderstandings.
Fortunately, support is available for treating psychosis and involves antipsychotic medications, therapeutic support, structured routines, stress management, and strong social support. Leading a healthy lifestyle with a well-balanced diet, exercise, and sleep can also help manage symptoms and improve overall mental health.
Get Help for Substance Use Disorder Now in Prescott, AZ
The first step in managing drug-induced psychosis is to stop misusing substances. No matter how “safe” a substance might seem, they are controlled for a reason. A drug detox program will eliminate harmful substances and toxins from the body while managing withdrawal symptoms. Most people spend about a week or so in detox before moving onto a structured rehabilitation program.
Behavioral therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy and motivational interviewing can help change harmful behaviors while reinforcing positive ones. Support groups provide peer support and self-empowerment, while medication-assisted treatment reduces withdrawal symptoms and cravings so that you can focus on your recovery. Holistic therapies can also be beneficial, teaching you how to manage stress, increase self-awareness, and improve mental health.
Wolf Creek Recovery offers integrated treatment for substance use and mental health disorders. Our clients don’t just spend their days in therapy—they get to participate in rewarding outdoor activities and build a strong support network with peers and staff who are also in recovery. Don’t just stop using substances. Build a life you love. Contact Wolf Creek Recovery at 833-732-8202 to explore your options for treatment.
FAQs
Does permanent psychosis require lifelong institutionalization?
Permanent psychosis may sound frightening, but this condition can be managed with the right combination of medications, therapy, and lifestyle changes. Lifelong institutionalization is not necessary.
Are hallucinogenic “flashbacks” considered drug-induced psychosis?
Hallucinogenic flashbacks are not typically classified as drug-induced psychosis. Instead, they are caused by the substance’s residual effects on the brain that will eventually wear off.
How can I help someone with drug-induced psychosis?
If someone is experiencing drug-induced psychosis, stay calm and reassuring. Ensure their safety (e.g., removing dangerous objects) and seek immediate help.
Is there any cure or treatment for drug-induced permanent psychosis?
While there is no cure for drug-induced permanent psychosis, there are effective treatment strategies that can manage symptoms and improve functioning, such as antipsychotic medications, mood stabilizers and antidepressants, psychotherapy, support groups, and healthy lifestyle changes.